This would have included biblical stories, Latin prayers, and exposure to French romance literature to confer precepts of chivalry upon the future knight. Around the age of twelve, when his father's career was faltering, he was sent to the Château de Tancarville in Normandy to be brought up in the household of William de Tancarville, a great magnate and cousin of young William's mother. William remained a crown hostage for many months, and was released following the peace resulting from the terms agreed at Winchester on 6 November 1153, by which the civil war was ended.Ĭhâteau de Tancarville in Normandy, where William Marshal began his training as a knightĪs a younger son of a minor nobleman, William had no lands or fortune to inherit, and had to make his own way in life. Stephen could not bring himself to harm young William. When Stephen ordered John to surrender immediately, threatening that William would be hanged, John replied that he should go ahead saying, "I still have the hammer and the anvil with which to forge still more and better sons!" Subsequently, a pretence was made to launch William from a pierrière (a type of trebuchet) towards the castle. John, however, used the time allotted to reinforce the castle and to alert Matilda's forces.
When King Stephen besieged Newbury Castle in 1152, according to William's biographer, he used the young William as a hostage to ensure that John kept his promise to surrender the castle. William's father, John Marshal, supported King Stephen when he took the throne in 1135, but in about 1139 he changed sides to support the Empress Matilda in the civil war of succession between her and Stephen which led to the collapse of England into " the Anarchy". Because he was an earl, and also known as the marshal, the term " earl marshal" was commonly used and this later became an established hereditary title in the English peerage. William became known as "the Marshal", although by his time much of the function was delegated to more specialised representatives (as happened with other functions in the King's household). In 1216, he was appointed protector for the nine-year-old Henry III, and regent of the kingdom.īefore him, his father's family held a hereditary title of Marshal to the king, which by his father's time had become recognised as a chief or master Marshalcy, involving management over other Marshals and functionaries. Knighted in 1166, he spent his younger years as a knight errant and a successful tournament competitor Stephen Langton eulogised him as the "best knight that ever lived." In 1189, he became the de facto earl of Pembroke through his marriage to Isabel de Clare whose Mother was Aoife MacMurrough and father was Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, though the title of earl was not officially granted until 1199 during the second creation of the Pembroke earldom. He served five English kings- Henry II, his sons the "Young King" Henry, Richard I, and John, and finally John's son Henry III.
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – ), also called William the Marshal ( Norman French: Williame li Mareschal, French: Guillaume le Maréchal), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman.
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